Lice infestation is one of the most common causes of skin disease in cattle. There are several species of lice known to target cattle, which include the blue-grey sucking lice (Haematopinus eurysternus, Linognathus vituli and Solenopotes capillatus) and brown chewing lice (Damalinia bovis). All lice species are able to rapidly multiply and spread to other cattle within the herd.

Infested cattle will frequently be observed rubbing themselves against the walls and trees, excessively grooming themselves, and demonstrate signs of skin irritation. Adult lice are visible to the naked eye, as well as their small white egg cases that are seen adhering to the hairs of the animal's coat.